在 Ubuntu 安裝 Python 3
安裝相依性套件
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
安裝 pyenv
curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
安裝示意流程
curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2099 100 2099 0 0 3069 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 3068
Cloning into '/home/vagrant/.pyenv'...
remote: Counting objects: 569, done.
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remote: Total 569 (delta 226), reused 254 (delta 48), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (569/569), 251.02 KiB | 146.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (226/226), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
Cloning into '/home/vagrant/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-doctor'...
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▽
export PATH="/home/vagrant/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
remote: Total 11 (delta 1), reused 6 (delta 1), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (11/11), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
Cloning into '/home/vagrant/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-installer'...
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Cloning into '/home/vagrant/.pyenv/plugins/pyenv-which-ext'...
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Unpacking objects: 100% (10/10), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
WARNING: seems you still have not added 'pyenv' to the load path.
# Load pyenv automatically by adding
# the following to ~/.bash_profile:
export PATH="/home/vagrant/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
設定 terminal 環境變數
在安裝 pyenv 結束後會看到要求你將設定寫入 .bash_profile，讓 terminal 連線進去後能夠預先載入相關環境設定
WARNING: seems you still have not added 'pyenv' to the load path.
# Load pyenv automatically by adding
# the following to ~/.bash_profile:
export PATH="/home/vagrant/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
所以將下列三行寫到家目錄下的 .bash_profile 檔案中
export PATH="/home/vagrant/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
重新登入 terminal 載入 pyenv 設定
或使用 source ~/.bash_profile 也可以讀取到最新的設定
pyenv 已安裝 python 版本清單
pyenv versions
$ pyenv versions
* system (set by /home/vagrant/.pyenv/version)
3.5.2
3.5.2/envs/custom_env_name
列出所有可以安裝的 python 版本
pyenv install -l
$ pyenv install -l
Available versions:
2.1.3
2.2.3
2.3.7
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.4.6
...
...
...
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.5.0
3.5-dev
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.6.0
3.6-dev
3.6.1
3.7-dev
安裝指定版本 Python（此為安裝 3.5.2 版本）
pyenv install 3.5.2
$ pyenv install 3.5.2
Downloading Python-3.5.2.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.5.2...
patching file Lib/venv/scripts/posix/activate.fish
WARNING: The Python bz2 extension was not compiled. Missing the bzip2 lib?
Installed Python-3.5.2 to /home/vagrant/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2
設定虛擬環境
pyenv virtualenv 3.5.2 custom_env_name
中間為該環境使用的 Python 版本，最後為該版本的名稱
$ pyenv virtualenv 3.5.2 custom_env_name
Ignoring indexes: https://pypi.python.org/simple
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): setuptools in /home/vagrant/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/envs/custom_env_name/lib/python3.5/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pip in /home/vagrant/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/envs/custom_env_name/lib/python3.5/site-packages
建立專案目錄，並指定該裝案要使用的 python 版本
~$ mkdir custom_python_project
$ cd custom_python_project
~/custom_python_project $ pyenv local custom_env_name
(custom_env_name) ~/custom_python_project $
python 版本設定檔 .python-version
(custom_env_name) ~/custom_python_project $ ls -al
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 1 vagrant vagrant 102 Jun 5 05:01 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 vagrant vagrant 1462 Jun 5 05:01 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 vagrant vagrant 10 Jun 5 05:01 .python-version
(custom_env_name) ~/custom_python_project $ cat .python-version
custom_env_name
不同的專案因應專案套件使用的不同，可以同時使用不同版本的 Python